0xbt

The name of these stands (candēlābra) reveals that they were initially meant to hold wax or tallow candles (candēlae), and the fact that these candles had been supplanted in the houses of the wealthy by the smoking and ill-smelling lamp is nice proof that the Romans were not expert within the artwork of creating them. So effigies have been introduced upon the surface of the slabs, and have been carved flat; however ere fifty years had handed away the artwork of the sculptor produced magnificent monumental effigies. Hall marks had been first introduced in 1300 by Edward I. as a way to sustain the purity of silver, and consisted of the lion’s or leopard’s head crowned. The maker’s mark was introduced in 1363, and was some initial or badge chosen by the silversmith. To those have been added in 1438 the yr letter or assayer’s mark, a special letter being chosen for every year. Inventories of church plate are being made in lots of counties and dioceses, and no more useful work will be undertaken by our native antiquarian societies. These books, with Madvig's De Finibus, all teachers ought to place within the fingers of pupils who're studying a philosophical work of Cicero. St. Lawrence’s Church, Reading, had a curious bridal cup, which was carried before all brides who were married in that church.