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Everywhere in the world women live longer than men - but this was not always the case. The available data from rich countries shows that women didn't live longer than men in the 19th century. What is the reason women have a longer life span than men? And how does this benefit increase in the past? We have only a small amount of evidence and the evidence isn't strong enough to make an unambiguous conclusion. Although we know that there are biological, psychological, and environmental factors that play an integral role in women's longevity more than men, we don't know how much each factor contributes.

In spite of how much amount of weight, we are aware that at least a portion of the reason women live longer than men, but not in the past, is to relate to the fact that several fundamental non-biological factors have changed. What are these changing factors? Some are well known and relatively straightforward, like the fact that men smoke more often. There are others that are more intricate. For Glorynote.com/%D8%B2%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%AA-%D8%AA%D8%B7%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%84-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B4%D8%B9%D8%B1/ example, there is evidence that in rich countries the female advantage increased in part because infectious diseases used to affect women disproportionately a century ago, so advances in medicine that reduced the long-term health burden from infectious diseases, especially for survivors, ended up raising women's longevity disproportionately.

Everywhere in the world women tend to live longer than men
The first chart below shows life expectancy at birth for men and women. It is clear that every country is above the line of parity diagonally. This implies that a baby girl from every country could anticipate to live longer than her older brother.

This chart shows that, although there is a women's advantage in all countries, the differences across countries can be significant. In Russia women live 10 years longer than men. In Bhutan, the difference is less that half a year.

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In the richer countries, the longevity advantage for women was not as great.
Let's look at the way that female advantages in longevity has changed with time. The following chart shows the male and female life expectancies at the birth in the US from 1790 until 2014. Two points stand out.

First, there is an upward trend. Both men and women in the US live a lot, much longer than they did a century ago. This is in line with historical increases in life expectancy everywhere in the world.

There is an ever-widening gap: female advantage in terms of life expectancy used to be very small however, it has increased significantly over the course of the last century.

You can check if these points are also applicable to other countries with information by clicking on the "Change country" option on the chart. This includes the UK, France, and Sweden.