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Everywhere in the world women live longer than men - but this was not always the case. The available data from rich countries shows that women didn't live longer than men in the 19th century. What's the reason women live longer than men? What is the reason does this benefit increase in the past? The evidence is limited and we have only limited answers. We are aware that behavioral, biological and environmental factors all contribute to the fact that women are healthier than men; however, we aren't sure how strong the relative contribution of each one of these factors is.

In spite of the weight, we know that at least part of the reason why women live so much longer than men today, but not in the past, is to have to do with the fact that some important non-biological aspects have changed. These are the factors that are changing. Some are well known and relatively straightforward, like the fact that men smoke more often. There are other issues that are more intricate. For example, there is evidence that in rich countries the female advantage increased in part because infectious diseases used to affect women disproportionately a century ago, so advances in medicine that reduced the long-term health burden from infectious diseases, especially for survivors, ended up raising women's longevity disproportionately.

Everywhere in the world women tend to live longer than men
The first chart below shows life expectancy at birth for men and women. We can see that every country is over the diagonal line of parity. This means that a newborn girl in all countries can anticipate to live longer than her brother.

This chart illustrates that, although women have an advantage throughout the world, the differences between countries could be significant. In Russia, women live 10 years more than men. In Bhutan there is a difference of only half a year.

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In the richer countries, the women's advantage in longevity was not as great.
Let's examine how the female longevity advantage has changed in the course of time. The chart below illustrates the gender-based and female-specific life expectancy at the birth in the US from 1790-2014. Two things stand out.

First, there is an upward trend. Women and Jrf.affnetz.us/newsletter/subscribe?return=https://glorynote.com/%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%AE%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%B3/ men in America live longer than they used to a century ago. This is in line with historical increases in life expectancy everywhere in the world.

Second, there's an ever-widening gap: female advantage in terms of life expectancy used to be extremely small but it increased substantially over the course of the last century.

If you select the option "Change country' on the chart, you will be able to confirm that the two points are applicable to the other countries with available data: Sweden, France and the UK.