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Everywhere in the world women live longer than men - but this was not always the case. The available data from rich countries shows that women didn't live longer than men in the 19th century. What is the reason women live longer than men in the present and why have these advantages gotten bigger in the past? There isn't much evidence and we have only limited solutions. While we are aware that there are biological, Glorynote.com/%d9%88%d8%b5%d9%81%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%b7%d8%a8%d8%ae/ behavioral, and environmental factors which all play a part in women living longer than men, we don't know what percentage each factor plays in.

In spite of the weight, we know that at least a portion of the reason why women live longer than men in the present and not previously, has to relate to the fact that certain fundamental non-biological factors have changed. These variables are evolving. Some are well known and relatively straightforward, like the fact that men smoke more often. There are other issues that are more intricate. For example, there is evidence that in rich countries the female advantage increased in part because infectious diseases used to affect women disproportionately a century ago, so advances in medicine that reduced the long-term health burden from infectious diseases, especially for survivors, ended up raising women's longevity disproportionately.

Everywhere in the world women tend to live longer than men
The first chart below shows life expectancy at birth for men and women. We can see that all countries are above the line of parity diagonally. This means that a newborn girl from every country could anticipate to live longer than her brothers.

The chart above shows that although the female advantage exists across all countries, the global differences are significant. In Russia women live for 10 years longer than men. In Bhutan, the difference is less that half a year.

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In wealthy countries, the advantage of women in longevity used to be smaller
Let's examine how the female longevity advantage has changed in the course of time. The chart below shows gender-based and female-specific life expectancy at the birth in the US during the period 1790 until 2014. Two areas stand out.

The first is that there is an upward trend. Men as well as women in the US have a much longer life span longer than they did 100 years ago. This is in line with historical increases in life expectancy everywhere in the world.

The second is that there is a widening gap: The female advantage in terms of life expectancy used be extremely small however, it has increased significantly during the last century.

When you click on the option "Change country by country' in the chart, you are able to confirm that the two points apply to other countries that have available information: Sweden, France and the UK.