Common things that played a part throughout the Reformation and the Counter-Reformation incorporated the rise of the printing push, nationalism, simony, the appointment of Cardinal-nephews, and other corruption of the Roman Curia and other ecclesiastical hierarchy, the influence of humanism, the new learning of the Renaissance compared to scholasticism, and the Western Schism that eroded loyalty to the Papacy. The leaders of the Roman Catholic Church condemned him at the Council of Constance (1414-1417) and he was burnt at the stake, even with a promise of protected-conduct. Key occasions of the time period consist of: Diet of Worms (1521), formation of the Lutheran Duchy of Prussia (1525), English Reformation (1529 onwards), the Council of Trent (1545-63), the Peace of Augsburg (1555), the excommunication of Elizabeth I (1570), Edict of Nantes (1598) and Peace of Westphalia (1648). The Counter-Reformation, also identified as the Catholic Reformation or the Catholic Revival, was the period of time of Catholic reforms initiated in reaction to the Protestant Reformation.